Carbureter for explosive-engines.



D. J. GARTWRIGHT; OARBURETER FOR EXPLOSIVE ENGINES.

APPLICATION-FILED DEC. 6. 1904.

Patented Mar. 23, 1909.

Inventor:

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DAVID J. GARTWRIGI'IT, Oi BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS.

Specification of Letters Patent.

' CARBURETER FOR EXPLOSIVE-ENGINES.

Patented March 23, 1909.

Application filed December 5, 1904. Serial No. 235,471.

To all whom it may concern:

. Be it known that I, DAVID J.- CARTWRIGHT,

a citizen of the United States, residing at Boston, in the county of Suffolk, State of Massachusetts, have invented a certain new and useful Improvement in Carbureter-s for Explosive-Engines, &c., of which the following is a specification, reference being had therein to the accompanying drawings.

The invention has relation to carbureters such as are employed with internal combustion or explosive engines, and in other connections where a fuel-mixture composed of air and hydrocarbon-vapor is consumed.

The invention comprises a novel arrangement of fuel-nozzle,air-passages, and movable valve, by which a proper sup ly of fuel mixture composed of air and hydrocarbonvapor in ,proper pro' ortions is provided to suit all rates ofspeec of-the engine.

An embodiment ofthe invention is represented in the accompanying. drawings, in-

which latter Figure 1 shows in vertical transverse sectiona carburetor embodymgthe lnvention.

' Fig. 2 is a detail view in elevation showing a head at thetop end of the said shell, ai1d3 the head at the bottom end thereof. the upper end thereof, the saidsshell is pro-.

portionof cylindrical shell 1..

Having reference to the drawings-4 is a hollow cylindrical shell, constituting the main body of the carbureter', 2 being the Near vided with a lateral extension 4, the latter having a passage therethrough communicating with the main interior space of the shell. The said lateral extension is adapted to have connected therewith in practice the feed-pipe of an engine orthe like which is to be suplied with fuel-mixture, and through which eed-pipe the fuel-mixture flows from the carbureter to the engine.

5 isa fuel-nozzle, rising from the head 3 at the interior of the carbureter, and having a end of the nozzle.

central passageway 6 opening at the up er The reduced lower end of the main portion or body of the said'nozzle is externa I aboveinto a threaded hole 7, which is tapped through the head 3. The passageway 6 is connected at its lower end with the head- 3, its upper end extending nearly to the upper said nozzle.

ly threaded, and is screwed from end-of the fuel-nozzle The wall or hell '52 is separated from the fuel-nozzle bsy-a space surrounding the latter and constituting a passageway for air, the said space or passageway being sufficient in cross-sectional area to permit of the movement therethrough of a volume of air which will supply the needs of the engine when running be a certain rate of speed. For the admission of the air to the said space or passageway, one or more inlets 51, 51, communicating therewith are provided. In the present instance, these inlets are constituted by holes or passages thatare formed through the bottom head 3, alongside the threaded hole 7. A screen of wire-gauze, shown at 59, is a plied eXterio-rly in connection with the said holes or passages to exclude dust, flyings, etc. The suction which is produced with-1n the feed-pipe by the working of the en ine draws external air in through the said ho es or passages, and in flowing past the discharge orifice at the upper end of thefuel-nozzle the said-air vaporizes the li uid hydrocarbon which occupies the central passage f the The-h drocarbon is supplied to the passage 6 o the fuel-nozzle .by means of a passageway 8-, which extends radially within the head 3 and also through a lateral projection 9 of the said head, At its inner end, the said passageway communicates with the hole 7, while within the said lateral projection 9 it is intersected by avertical passage-i way 10 communicat with the interior s ace of the float cham er 11; The rate of t e flow of h drocarbon through the passage ways 10 and g, from the said float-chamber to the'fuel-nozzle, is regulated by the needlevalve 12 Within the passageway 8. The hydrocarbon is kept at, auniform level within the float-chamber bymeans of the float 13 and valve 14. The said valve cooperates with a .izalve-seat at-the delivery-end of a passageway 15 that extends through a couping or union 16, screwed into a threaded hole that is made throughthe top head -17 of the float-chamber. In practice, the said coupling or union has connected therewith a pipe, (not shown) or the like; leading to'a sup ly-tank or the. like from: which the hyd i'ocarbon flows under a moderate head or pressure to the float-chamber, as'well understood.

A so called tickle'r is shown at 18, it

comprising a pin working loosely. in a vertical position within a hole that is made through the top head 17 of the float-chamber. The lower end of the said pin projectsinto the interior space of the float-chamber, while the upper end thereof rises above the'head 17. An expanding spiral spring 19 surrounding the upper portion of the pin is confined between the head 17 and an enlargement or collar upon the pin. The said spring nor-' mally holds the pin in an elevated position with the lower end thereof clear of the float, but allows the pin to be pushed down by hand for the urpose of depressing the float, to separate the valve 14 from its seat so as to permit flow of hydrocarbon fromthe source of supply into the float-chamber, to thereby raise the level of the liquid within the same, thus causin overflow at the upper end of the'fuel-nozze for the pur ose of starting-u the engine, all as usua.

, wire-netting or gauze 53 around the base of the fuel-nozzle at the lower end of the s ace between the latter and the wall or shel 52, and is held thereby until converted into vapor by the air entering at 51.

A throttle-valve 20 is located'within the upper portion of shell 1, it comprisin a ho ow cylinder fitting within the shel 1 with capacity to turn therein, and having a lateral opening or openings at 2-1, 21, one of which is caused to registeriwith the passageway .of lateral extension 4 to permit the fuelmixture to pass from the interior of shells 1 and 20 through the said passageway into the feed-pipe (not shown). A central spindle 22, rising from the head of the cylindrical throttle-valve, asses through a central hole which is formed, through the top head 2 of the shell 1, and has aifixed to its u per end the operating arm or lever '23. A ove'the fuel-nozzle is located a diaphragm 24 of wire gauze. This serves to break up the flow of air and vapor into a number of fine streams, and cause a complete commingling thereof. This dia hragm is located within the cy1-in der oft e throttle-valve 20, and forconvenience. of application and removal it is furnished with a cylindrical body 25 having a sliding fit within the said cylinder.

The main nozzle 5 is vo sufficient diameter to' ermit the liquid hydrocarbon to rise freely t er ein. Adjacent the discharge orifice at .the free extremity of the fuel-nozzle, however, the passageway is reduced in diameter, as 'heretoforei- I In order to enable the extremity of the fuel-nozzle to .be removed and replaced,

whenever required, as -for. the pur oseof cleaning out the reduced portion of t e as- -sageway, or for repairs, and to enab e a change in the diameter of the said reduced portion to...be effected when desired, the

5 Any I such over ow, or any drip, finding its way to the base of the-fuel-nozzle is caught by.-

sageway.

-cient to assageway 6 within the fuelexists between the said inners fuel-nozzle is furhished wlth a ti -portion 521 which is formed 'se arately mm the main or base-portion of t e .said nozzle, and is detachably connected therewith. 1 have shown the said to'p'-. ortion in screw-threaded engagement with t ebaseortion. It con tains the reduced portion 0 the passageway 6. When it is desired to make a changein the area of the orifice at the upper end-o the vaporizing nozzle, the tip-portion is removed and replacedb'y one'havinga passageway of different diameter. In other words the ti portion is made, interchangeable to enab e the volume of hydrocarbon which is resented for-vaporizationto be varied. his employment of a removable and interchangeable tip enables the height of the vaporizing-orifice to be varied as may be found desirablein practice;

For the urposeof providing for the coll ection an discharge vof water 'or other impurities, a pet-cock or drip-cock 251 has the upperend of its pipe screwed into the lower part of the screw-threaded hole 7 through the bottom head 3 of the shell 1. The bore of the said pipe receives the water and all other settlings, and the cock enables them to be drawn off or discharged from time to time without interrupting the running of the engine, and also without the expenditure of time and loss of' hydrocarbon which are incident to the-removal of a cap or the like. In the event of clogging of the assageway of the nozzle or its tip, a wire or t is like maybe pushed through the pet-cock or drip-cock and said passageway after the said cock has been opened, to tl'i'ereby'clean out the pas- I provide for affording a pro er en ply of fuel-mixture to suit all rates. 0 speed of' the engine, andfor maintaining uniformity in the proportions 'of air an hydrocar onvapor in the said fuel-mixture as follows The space or passageway-which is inclosed by the inner shell or wall 5 2 surrounding the fuel-nozzle 5 supplies air; in quantity suffiroduce enough fuel-mixture to meet the eniandsof'the engine in running up to a certain speed, but when the engine is to be run above such speed an increased supply of fuel-mixtureis necessary. In or er to providefor this increased supply of fuel-mixture; aspace for the passage of air and the outershell 1 .At or near the base of the shell 1, the said base, is rovided' with one or more inlets 26 for the a mission of external air to this latter space, the said inlet being furnished with a wire-gauze screen 27 to exclude dust, etc. The 'flow of; air through this. space is controlled by .means of a vertically-movable sleeve 28.- The said sleeve. surrounds the upper .portion of the inner shell 52. In the present instance it is furn shed with an upper flange 29 and -a ell or wall 52 fit within the cylindrical portion of thelower flange 30, the flange 29 havinga sliding opened b tween the sleeve and the upper portion of the inner shell or wall 52, through which air entering by Way of the inlet 26 may flow. The sleeve occu ies normally the lowered position in whici it is represented.

In this position its lower end m'akes contact with a valve-seat and thus arrests the flow of air through the interior of the sleeve. In the present embodiment ofth-e invention, the valve-seat is constituted by the u er surface of a shoulder or flange 31 with W 1011 the exterior of the inner shell 52 is fur nished'. Flow of air, therefore, ordinarily takes place through the inlets 51, 51, into the space or lpassage that in inclosed by the inner shel and the air issuing at the upper end of the said inner shell around the vapor end of the fuel-nozzle, from within the inclosure of the inner shell, acts-to vaporize the liquid hydrocarbon which occu ies the passageway of the fuel-nozzle. en the sleeve is lifted, an additional volume of air entering by way of the inlets 26, 26, is permitted to pass betweenthe. inner shell 52 and the sleeve-portion of the valve, it combining at the upper end of the fuel-nozzle with the stream from the inner passa eway. The upper portion of the inner shell 52 is tapering, the wall thereof converging toward the centrallylocated fuel nozzle 5, and

thereby forming what I term the stationary cone. This form of the said inner. shell or stationary 'cone causes the air whichv asses therethrough to converge from di erent sides at and above the up er end of the fuel-nozzle, increasing somewliat its pressure and velocity as it passes the top of-the fuelnozzle, thereby enhancing the action in vaporizing the liquid hydrocarbon, and by the convergence of streams traveling in diflerent directions causing the air and vapor to 'commingle more-efiectually. The

sleeve-(portion of the valve 28 is similarly" tapere forming thus what I term the sliding cone or conical sleeve. This shape of the said valve'acts similarly incausin convergence of the air passing upwar -it will be perceiv'cd'that when the valve is lifted from its seat the said place of. conof the fuel-nozzle. increase the height or vertical extent of the carbureter.

striction is raised relative to. the top end The effect of this is to zone of suction and maintain uniformity in the rate of vaporization of the liquidhydro' carbon, obviating the tendency of such rate to decrease in consequence of the increase in the diameter' of the'stream of air flowing past the tip of the fuel-nozzle which occurs whenthe valve is lifted. Thereby,

uniformity in the proportions of air and hydrocarbon-vapor in the fuel-mixture is maintained notwithstanding the increased volume of such fuel-mixture which is applied to. the engine atthe higher speed of the latter.

The means and manner of operatingthe valve'may' vary in some cases.- I have herein shown an embodiment of the invention in which the valve is operated autos matically by the suction that is produced Within the feed pipe and carbureter by the engine. 'In' the case of the present embodiment, with theengine running below the predetermined rate of speed the suction is not sufiicient to lift the valve-sleeve, and the latter-remains in its normal position, cutting off the flow of air from'the secondary passageway. When the speed of the engine increases, increasing the rate of flow of the air through the feed-pipe and the suction within the feed-pipe and carbureter, the said increasing suction causes the automatic valve to be lifted from its seat by the ressureof the external air acting through inlet 26. The weight of the automatic .register .with the passageway through the lateral extension 4 of the shell 1 of the This enables the said valve to be shifted so as to preshnt the operating arm or lever at the one side of the shell or body 1, o the other, according as may be required to suit the position 'of the connections pertaining to the engine with which around the stationary cone '52 from the the carbureter is used and by means of which the throttle valve is operated. Ina the present instance the said openings are lo cated opposite to each other. After the throttleevalve has been given therequired position to accommodate the position of the said connect-ions, a stop-screw 211 is screwed in through the shell 1- until its ,inner'end projects into the cpeninm21 which forthe time being is in the idle position By valve 14 which is employed in connection withthe inlet-passageway 15, Figs. 8 and 9, consists of a valve-plug which is, carried by the upper end of a sleeve 151. The said 15 valve-plug and sleeve constitute in eflect a needle-valve, the sleeve being the valvestem. The said sleeve fits upon the pin or spindle 33 rising from the bottom of;the floatchamber, and is adapted to move up and down thereon. In the present instance, the pin or spindle 33 is supported in place by having its lower end securely inserted into. the upper portion of the central bore 341 ex-.-

tending vertically through the plug 34, which lastis screwed into a socket formed in the lower head of the float-chamber. The lower portion of the bore 341 is in communication with the passageway 10, the contents of the float-chamber finding their way into here 341 through lateral passages 342, 342, which are made in the plug 34. Between the upper end of the screwlug 34and the lower end ofthe sleeve 151 tie pin or spindle 33 is surrounded by an expanding spiral spring 331, 35 which supports the needle-valve and acts with a tendency to hold the workin end of the latter against or adjacent the Va ve-seat at the inner end of the passageway or inlet 15. The lower end of the sleeve 151 is fur- 40 nished with a flange, as 152, which alfords a wider bearing for the upper end of spring 331. The float 13 is furnished with a central bushing or sleeve 131, which is fitted to the exterior of the sleeve 151 with capacity for independent vertical movement thereon. An expanding spiral spring-142 surrounds the upperportion of the sleeve between the top of the float,.or.the flanged upper end of the bushing or sleeve 131, and a flange 141 with which the valve-plug is furnished. In practice, should the float-chamber be empty, or should the level of the liquid hydrocarbon within the same be lowered so as to permit the float to descend: far enough, the float would rest upon the lower flange 152 of the sleeve 151, and the weight of the float would be added to that of the sleeve and plug and would operate to compress the spring 331 more or less and correspondingly depress the valve. Thereby the valve would be separated from the valve-seat of the inlet or passage 15 so as to permit liquid hydrocarbon to flow in freely from the source of supply. When the level of the li uid hydrocarbon rises within the float-cham er, the float rises also and actin through the sprin 142 it presses the valve toward and against the valve-seat, until by the continued rise of the float, and the resulting compression of the spring 142- between the float and the flange 141 of the valve, the tension of the said spring 142 is raised to a degree sufficient to press the valve to its seat firmly enough to arrest the inflow of liquid hydrocarbon. The spring maintains its action against the valve so long as the level of the liquid within the float-chamber remains substantially the same. It permits vertical oscillations, etc.,

of limited extent of the float to occur, as in consequence of jars, vibrations, etc. without causing the valve to open, and hence further liquid is not admitted in consequence of accidental oscillations of the float. As the level of the liquid lowers, and the float dcscends, the tension of the spring 142 decreases until the pressure or head within the inlet passageway 15 forces open the valve against the pressure of such spring, whereupon i'resh liquid enters by way of such inlet passageway to restore the level. Spring 331 is intended chiefly to act to sustain the weight of the valve 14 and its valve-stem constituted by the sleeve 151, so as to relieve the float of such weight.

What I claim is 1. A carbureter for explosive engines and .the like, constructed with a mixing chamber, a fuel-nozzle, an air passage surrounding and coiiperating with the said fuel-nozzle, a second air-passage alsosurrounding and cooperating with the said fuel-nozzle and operating to admit additional air to the mixing chamber at a point anterior to the orifice of the fuel-nozzle, so that the combined volume of air flo'ws past the said nozzle in arriving at the mixing chamber, and a valve which controls the flow of air through the second air passa e.

2. FL carburetor for explosive engines and the like, constructed with a mixing chamber, a fuel-nozzle, an air-passage cooperating with the said fuel-nozzle, a second air-passage also cooperating with the said fuel-nozzle and operating to admit additional air at a point immediately adjacent the orifice of the fuelnozzle, but somewhat anterior thereto, so that the combined volume of air flows past the said orifice in arriving at the mixing chamber, and a valve which controls the eha'rnber, and a valve which fcont'rols the the latter so that the combined volume .of air .fiows past the said orifice in arrivlng at the mixing-chamber, and a valve which controls the supply of air'through said second airpassage, and which in its open position encircles the orifice of the fuel-nozzle.

5 A carbureter constructed with a fuelnozzle, a mixing-chamber, an air-passage cooperating withthe said fuel-nozzle, a second air-passage also cooperating with the said fuel-nozzle and operating to admit additional air at a point anterior to the orifice of the latter so that the combinedlvolurne of air flows past the said orifice in arriving at the' mixing chamber, and a valve which is perated by increase of suction to control the supply of air through the second passage and also is caused to assume a position encircling the orifice of the fuel-nozzle.

- Y 6. Av carburetor constructed with the fuelnozzle, the inner passageway for air converging toward the tip of the fuel-nozzle, the outer as'sageway for air, and the sleeve-valve'hav mg the shell thereof converging toward the said tip. v

7. In a carbureter, in combination, a fuelnozzle, the inner shell surrounding the fuelnozzle converglng toward the tip of the latter,

the outer shell, and the valve movable within the. outer. shell and having the upper and lower flanges and the shell thereof converging toward the said tip.

In testimony whereof-I aflix my signature in presence oftwo Witnesses.

DAVID J. OARTWRIGIIT.

Witnesses:

CHAS. F. RANDALL, EDITH J. ANDERSON. 

